Degradation studies of new substitutes for perfluorinated surfactants.
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August 7, 2020

Degradation studies of new substitutes for perfluorinated surfactants.

By Kristen

perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are man-made, perfluorosurfactants stable. The properties of perfluoroalkylated compounds that cause them to persist in the environment are also properties that make them attractive compounds for industrial use for more than 50 years.

Because of the unique properties of carbon-fluorine bond and polarity perfluoroalkyl group, a potential successor to replace perfluorinated surfactants in many cases continue to perfluoroalkyl-based. Thus, the problem of persistence in the environment. There is a need to examine emerging new replacement surfactant for biodegradability.

The study included measurement of decomposition of lively substitute perfluorinated surfactants. Stability replacement surfactant perfluorinated tested using an advanced process of oxidation, which is based on the degradation by ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide, or both, followed by conventional tests, including automated methods based on test manometric respirometry (OECD 301 F; OxiTop), test the closed-bottle (OECD 301 D), and a standard fixed-bed bioreactor in perfluorobutane sulfonate, fluorosurfactant Zonyl, two ester fluoraliphatic (Novec Novec FC-4430 and FC-4432), and 10- (trifluoromethoxy) decane 1 sulfonate.

Most of the new surfactants are well established in the market and have been used in some applications as an alternative to PFOA PFOS- and based surfactant. ready biodegradation test fluoroaliphatic ester, which fluorosurfactant Zonyl, perfluorobutane sulfonate, and 10- (trifluoromethoxy) decane-1-sulfonate using manometric respirometry test (OxiTop) does not meet the criteria for ready biodegradation test. However, 10- (trifluoromethoxy) decane-1-sulfonate was observed to be degradable when fixed-bed bioreactor test standards applied.

Degradation studies of new substitutes for perfluorinated surfactants.
Degradation studies of new substitutes for perfluorinated surfactants.

NMR characterization of the reactants and products isomer hydrofluoroether, CF3 (CF2) 3OCH3 and (CF3) 2C (F) CF2OCH3, reacted with isopropyl alcohol.

Products Company 3M Novec ™ 71IPA DL, mix methoxyperfluorobutane, methoxyperfluoroisobutane and 4.5 wt.% Isopropyl alcohol, has been found to be highly stable at room temperature, producing fluoride at a rate of ~ 1 ppm / year. Kinetic and theoretical studies we previously have identified the mechanism of the reaction.

This paper identifies (1) H and (19) F NMR chemical shifts, multiplicities, and coupling constants of the reactants and the main products resulting from the aging mixture in sealed Pyrex NMR tube for a period of up to 1.8 years at a temperature of 26 ° C to 102 ° C chemical shifts and coupling constants of fluorine and hydrogen atoms on hydrofluoroethers and isopropyl alcohol were traced by reaction with their values ​​in the product – ester, ether isopropylmethyl, and HF. positions, multiplicities, and coupling constants of this spectral presented in table format and as a figure to clarify the transformation was observed in the sample age.

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The local evaporation rate and temperature of the interface of two classic characteristics to study the droplets evaporate. Here, look how one can extract this by measuring the amount of vapor concentration field around the droplets with digital holographic interferometry. As a concrete example, a pending droplets evaporate free receding from 3M Novec HFE-7000 was analyzed at ambient conditions. demonstrated measurable vapor cloud which deviate significantly from the calculation of pure diffusion regime, but better than the boundary-layer theory of new accounting for floating-induced convection in the gas and the influence upon it of thermal Marangoni flow.

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